- Poster presentation
- Open access
- Published:
Second order motion compensated spin-echo diffusion tensor imaging of the human heart
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 17, Article number: P81 (2015)
Background
Stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) [1] imaging has been used to probe myocardial microstructure in-vivo. However STEAM imaging requires 2 R-R intervals, sophisticated respiratory navigator gating [2] and is subject to myocardial strain [3, 4]. Spin-echo (SE) based single-shot diffusion weighted sequences present an appealing alternative [5, 6]. In this work the sensitivity to bulk motion of cardiac SE diffusion tensor imaging is addressed by using second order motion compensated (MC) diffusion encoding.
Methods
First and second order MC diffusion encoding gradients were incorporated into a cardiac triggered single-shot SE sequence (Figure 1). Imaging was performed on a 1.5T Philips Achieva system (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) equipped with gradients delivering 80mT/m@100mT/m/ms. Five healthy volunteers were imaged with navigator-gating during free-breathing with the following parameters: resolution: 2.2×2.2mm2, slice thickness: 6mm, local-look FOV: 230×98mm2, TR/TE: 1R-R/83ms, two slices (apex/base). Fat suppression was incorporated by spectral-spatial excitation. Three orthogonal diffusion encoding directions (b=450s/mm2, 8 averages) were applied at trigger delays ranging from 45ms to peak systole (steps of 10ms). Ten diffusion directions (10 averages, TR: 2R-R) were acquired in an additional session at 38%/47%/56%/66%/75% peak systole. The mean diffusivity (MD) was calculated as function of trigger delay and used as measure for the sensitivity to bulk motion. Helix angles were calculated upon tensor reconstruction.
Results
MD as function of trigger delay is shown in Figure 2a). Second order MC diffusion encoding yielded an applicable trigger delay range of 15-81% (apical) and 15-77% (basal) of peak systole. For first order MC, the corresponding trigger delay windows were only 30-57% (apical) and 27-56% (basal). Figure 2b) shows a time series of helix angle maps (basal) and the transmural angle histograms (apical/basal) c).
Conclusions
Second order motion compensated cardiac SE diffusion encoding significantly decreases the sensitivity to bulk motion compared to first order motion compensated diffusion gradients across the heart.
Funding
Swiss National Science Foundation, grant #CR3213_132671/1, EU FP7 Marie-Curie fellowship to MG, UK EPSRC, grant EP/I018700/1.
References
Edelman : MRM. 1994
Nielles-Vallespin : MRM. 2013
Reese : MRM. 1995
Stoeck : PLoS ONE. 2014
Gamper : MRM. 2007
Nguyen : MRM. 2013
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
About this article
Cite this article
Stoeck, C.T., von Deuster, C., Genet, M. et al. Second order motion compensated spin-echo diffusion tensor imaging of the human heart. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 17 (Suppl 1), P81 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-17-S1-P81
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-17-S1-P81